Onions refers to two-year-old plants and is part of the Lily family. It has been grown by mankind for 6 thousand years, therefore, to date, many of its varieties are known. They are classified both by maturity, and by taste and other characteristics. What kind of varieties, read on.
Selection of varieties by maturity
This criterion is often the key when choosing a variety of onions. According to him, the plant is of three types, each of which we will consider separately.
Early ripening
This group includes varieties whose growing season is from 65-80 to 100 days. The best among them are:
- Besson local. The variety was bred in the Penza region and is excellent for cultivation in the middle lane, including the Moscow region. Bulbs with several nests are small - from 40 to 65 g. They have a rounded and slightly flattened shape, a thin neck and golden dry scales. The pulp is dense, crunchy and pungent with a sharp taste. With 1 sq. m beds will be able to collect up to 1.1-2.6 kg of small bulbs with a shelf life of up to 8 months. This variety is great for growing on herbs. Its disadvantages are susceptibility to disease and decay, as well as the whimsicality of preventive spraying during the growing period.
- Hercules. Variety with abundant productivity - from 1 square. m beds will be able to collect up to 8 kg of heads. The plant has a well-developed root system, which allows it to tolerate dry periods. Hercules is also resistant to disease and rot. Bulbs weighing from 120 to 160 g acquire an elongated oval shape and are covered with a dense golden yellow skin. They taste sharp, but without bitterness. They leave a spicy aftertaste after themselves.
- Timiryazevsky. This variety is excellent for cultivation in cold regions. It bears fruit with rounded fruits weighing from 60 to 70 g, which are covered with a yellow or light brown husk and have brownish necks. These dense bulbs are characterized by snow-white flesh with a dense structure and spicy taste. Productivity - up to 3.8 kg of bulbs per 1 sq. Km. m. In good weather, germination rises to 98-100%, and in wet - drops to 70%. The variety has poor resistance to peronosporosis, but medium resistance to neck rot.
- Ermak. The variety is often found in the northern regions, as it is resistant to low temperatures and downy mildew. It is best to cultivate it through the north. Bulbs are formed spherical, covered with yellow scales and gain in weight from 100 to 200 g. The flesh is dense and has a piquant, semi-sharp taste. Productivity is good - up to 4 kg per 1 sq. Km. In the garden, 80-90% of the bulbs ripen, which need ripening for 10-14 days. After that, they can be stored for 8 months or more.
- Stuttgart Riesen. A well-known early variety from German breeders, unpretentious to weather conditions and suitable for cultivation through the north in different regions of Russia. Productivity - about 3 kg per 1 sq. Km. m beds. Bulbs of Stuttgart Riesen are formed with a dense golden husk and white flesh with a spicy, pronounced sharp taste. On average, each of them weighs up to 90-130 g, has a flat-circular shape and a dense structure. The variety is susceptible to fungal diseases, and in bad years it can get rot of the neck or peronosporosis.
- Carmen. The representative of the Dutch selection with average productivity - from 1 square. m beds will be able to collect up to 2.5 kg of fruit. These are round-flat turnips weighing from 50-70 to 120 g, which have a purple husk and white flesh with a reddish tinge. They taste peninsular with a pronounced aromatic aroma, therefore they are suitable for salads and for heat treatment. Carmen is resistant to disease and is well stored.
- Yukont. The variety can be grown through seeds or seeds. In the first case, the growing season will be 62-73 days, and in the second - up to 90 days. Bulbs are obtained with a flat-round shape and weigh on average 100 g each. They are covered with bright purple dry scales with a purplish-raspberry tint, but the pulp itself is white and sharp in taste. Germination of varieties is 93%, and with 1 square. m beds can collect about 3 kg of fruit. Without significant losses, they can be stored for up to 8 months.
- Karatalsky. This variety will please a good harvest even in conditions of an arid climate and soil with low fertility. m beds on average can get up to 4.4 kg of bulbs. They have a rounded shape and weigh from 50 to 120 g. Their dry scales are yellow or golden yellow, and the flesh is white and with a distinct sharp taste. Karatalsky belongs to multi-germ crops and when distilled onto a feather, it gives an excellent crop of green feathers.
- globe. If you plant onions in late spring, then at the end of summer from 1 square. m beds can collect about 5 kg of round, oval or elongated-rounded bulbs weighing 130-160 to 250 g. They are covered with a light brown or brown husk and have a juicy pulp with a sharp taste. The globe is best suited for cultivation as an annual crop. It is resistant to peronosporosis and is subject to long-term storage.
- Heroic strength. If you want to grow onions mainly for the preparation of salads, then this is an excellent variety. It forms large, one-dimensional bulbs of rounded shape and weighing up to 500 g, which have a soft and sweet taste. The plant is undemanding to the soil, but in most cases it needs to be fed with organic fertilizers. With proper care from 1 square. m will be able to collect up to 6 kg of fruit.
- Rambo. In regions with frequent changes in weather conditions, it is possible to grow this variety, as it tolerates temperature extremes and is rarely exposed to fungal diseases. The plant forms beautiful bulbs of uniform rounded shape, which weigh up to 150 g, have a light brown color and juicy white flesh with a mild flavor. To get a good harvest of fruits and feathers, when growing Rambo, the soil must be fertilized with mineral fertilizers. Another drawback of the variety is the ability to store bulbs for no more than 4 months.
- Red Semko F1. A hybrid from the Dutch breeders, which in regions with long daylight hours can be grown through seeds, and in cold areas - through the north. m of the plot, you can collect up to 4-5 kg of round bulbs, which weigh about 80 g, have a purple husk and a white dense pulp with noticeable dark red stripes and a semi-sharp taste. The variety is suitable for long-term storage.
- Strigunovsky local. Suitable for cultivation throughout the Russian Non-Black Earth. m beds can collect about 1.1 to 3.2 kg of bulbs weighing up to 90 g. They have a rounded or flattened shape and are covered with yellowish or pink dense dry scales. The inner scales are white and have a sharp taste. The variety is cold-resistant and is resistant to silk rot.
- Centurion. Another variety comes from the Netherlands, which can be grown in cold and warm regions. The centurion forms bulbs weighing up to 100 g, which have an elongated shape, a narrow neck and a small bottom. They are covered with bright straw scales, but the pulp itself is white and slightly sharp in taste. Bulbs are suitable for preserving and consuming fresh, and are also subject to long-term storage.
- Jatoba F1. A hybrid of Dutch breeding, which forms round bulbs that reach a diameter of 5-8 cm and are covered with dry bronze-colored scales. Onions can be grown on a feather. A monochromatic tops of saturated green color with a wax coating is smooth, upright and beautiful, therefore, it is in demand when sold on the market.
Mid-season
These are varieties with a growing season from 90-100 to 120 days. Almost all of them have good transportability and keeping quality, but are more suitable for use not in fresh form, but after heat treatment. Popular mid-season varieties of onions are:
- Aleko. It can be cultivated through seeds or sevocs. In the second case, the crop will be later, but 1.5-2 kg higher. Bulbs are single-rounded, rounded in shape and weigh from 80 to 120 g. They have dry scales of a deep purple color and dense flesh of snow color with lilac stripes, which has a sharp intense taste. Dry scales are tight to the head and are colored purple with a purple tint. The heads ripen in the area up to 94%, therefore, require a short ripening, and then perfectly stored.
- Isperl F1 (Icepearl F1). Hybrid with a retention rate of approximately 7-8 months. During storage, rounded fruits weighing up to 350-400 g do not rot due to shiny scales with a dense surface. The pulp is snow-white and has a pleasant pungent taste. The plant has a good root system, which provides almost 100% of its germination. You can grow this hybrid on feathers, which are obtained uniform, beautiful and with an attractive color.
- Valero F1. A popular hybrid of Dutch breeding for cultivation in different climatic zones. Fruits in bulbs with dense scales of dark brown color. They acquire a rounded shape and moderate size - in diameter reach 6-8 cm. Hydride can be stored from 4 to 6 months. It does not give arrows, and also shows resistance to fusarium and pink rot. The variety is suitable for mechanical cleaning.
- Greatfall Red F1. The salad hybrid is from the Netherlands with excellent commercial qualities, as well as resistance to fusarium, downy mildew and pink root rot. Yield indicators are stable - about 2.5-3.5 kg per 1 sq. Km. Bulbs are rounded in shape, have a dense burgundy-red husk and weakly sharp white flesh. On average, they weigh 130-250 g, but large specimens weighing up to 600 g are found. The variety shows excellent keeping quality and adaptability to different weather conditions.
- Danilovsky 301. The variety of domestic selection, allowed for cultivation since 1950. It is recommended to grow in a two-year culture from sevka, so that with 1 square. m harvest 1.2-3.3 kg of crop. Bulbs are flat or rounded flat, weighing 80-150 g on average. They are covered with dark red scales with a purple tint, and the flesh itself is light lilac, juicy and with a semi-sharp taste that is close to sweet. When stored properly, the variety is not rotten and does not germinate.
- Rainbow. A universal variety that can be grown on average in one season, so there is no need to buy or grow onion sets. Round turnips weigh on average from 100 to 150 g, although there are specimens weighing up to 250 g. They have dense red scales and white flesh. Purple rings are visible on the cut, so the onion is well suited for the preparation of salads. It has a pleasant peninsular taste, close to sweet. The rainbow is resistant to disease and does not tend to grow in nests.
- Lucy. A variety of Czech breeding that bears fruit with attractive rounded bulbs with dense upper scales of yellow-bronze color. Their necks are thin, so they dry quickly and are stored for a long time. The pulp itself is white in color, moderately juicy and pungent in taste. The heads weigh an average of 130-150 g.
- Krasnodar G 35. A variety of domestic selection, grown in an annual culture from seeds since 1943. It forms rounded one-dimensional bulbs weighing 90-114 g. They are covered with yellow-brown scales with a slight pink tint. The pulp itself is white and peninsular in taste. Productivity - up to 2-4 kg per 1 sq. Km. Germination is 50-95% depending on weather conditions. Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that the variety is susceptible to fungal diseases, cervical rot and peronosporosis.
- Sturon. A variety of Dutch breeding that can be grown in regions with a warm or temperate climate. It forms spherical heads, which weigh approximately 110-180 g, have tight-fitting saturated-golden dry scales and white sharp flesh. The yield of the variety is 6 kg per 1 sq. Km. m, and keeping quality is up to 9 months. Sturon manifests resistance to disease and decay, and is rarely affected by pests.
- Setton. A variety of Dutch breeding for professional cultivation, which bears fruit in elongated bulbs weighing about 100-120 g. They have a golden husk, elongated brown necks and creamy flesh with a weak sharpness. With proper agricultural technology with 1 square. m beds can collect up to 5-6 kg of fruit. The plant does not give arrows and has an average susceptibility to fungal diseases.
- Starter. If you plan to harvest mechanically, this variety is an excellent choice. It bears fruit onions weighing up to 130-140 g, which reach 6-8 cm in diameter. They have a rounded shape and dense husk, thanks to which they can be stored for 7-8 months. The feathers of this onion have a dark green color and excellent taste, so it can be grown to sell fresh herbs. The plant is rarely exposed to disease and does not give arrows.
- Solstis F1. This mid-season Dutch variety is in great demand in cooking due to the snow-white juicy core with a piquant taste. Bulbs themselves are rounded with dry white scales. They can be stored without loss of product characteristics for 6-7 months. The culture is highly resistant to fusarium, but medium - to pink rot of the roots.
- Odintsovo. Fruits in rounded bulbs, which are suitable for mechanical harvesting, have excellent keeping quality and transportability. Each of them weighs approximately 60-80 g, has a creamy white flesh with a slight sharpness and is covered with dense bronze-amber scales. The crop yield is small - about 1.5 kg per 1 sq. Km. Its disadvantage can also be considered susceptibility to rot of the neck and downy mildew.
- Elista. This Czech variety differs from its relatives in an unusual oval shape, which makes it easy to cut rings that are uniform and identical in diameter. The bulbs are covered with scales of beautiful bronze color, weigh about 110-120 g and have a juicy snow-white pulp, suitable for cooking fresh salads and main dishes.
Mid-season turnips are characterized by high yields, however, they require special care during cultivation and harvesting, since excess mineral fertilizers or mechanical damage significantly reduce their shelf life.
Late ripening
Varieties with a growing season of more than 4 months are late ripening and are intended for growing regions where there is little sunlight and warm days. Among them, the most popular are:
- Amphora. A variety with an original droplet shape that distinguishes it from round counterparts. Bulb weight on average ranges from 100 to 120 g. Each of them has a pleasant bronze color with a red tint. The pulp itself is snow-white, juicy and crisp. It is best to grow Amphora in an annual seed crop, but a way to cultivate through onion sets is possible.
- Spanish 313. The culture bears fruit with round bulbs, reaching a mass of 150-200 g. They are covered with pale pink scales and have a juicy white pulp of moderate density. The taste of onions is sweet, which is a rare occurrence among cold-resistant and disease-resistant varieties. The Spanish 313 will also please with a high productivity - 4.6 kg per 1 sq. Km. m beds.
- Bamberger. One of the latest varieties of onions, which is well adapted for growing on turnips and feathers. Elongated bulbs are small and have a mild taste with sharp notes. The outer scales are yellow in color, and the juicy flesh is a milky light shade. Bamberger is resistant to shooting, and is rarely affected by fungal diseases.
- Stardust F1. Winter snow-white onions, which can be planted under the winter in different regions.Bulbs of small size weigh 40-50 g, have a dense pulp with a sharp taste. Productivity - up to 3 kg per 1 sq. Km. The plant is unpretentious and resists frosts. The hybrid belongs to multi-germ and is suitable for forcing green onions.
- Late farmer. Variety for mass cultivation, which can be grown through direct sowing of seeds into the soil to obtain round bulbs weighing up to 250 g. When cultivating the crop through seedlings, it will be possible to obtain specimens weighing 350 g. This onion has brown flakes with amber tint and white flesh with sharp intense flavor. The variety is appreciated for its versatility, resistance to fungal diseases and good keeping quality.
- Radar. Winter variety with good yield, which bears fruit in large round bulbs weighing up to 300 g. They have white flesh and yellow-golden dense scales, which provide them with good keeping quality and the ability to tolerate lowering temperatures to -15 ° C during winters with little snow and to -23 ° C with heavy snowfalls. The variety does not give arrows, is not afraid of pests and diseases, but greatly depletes the soil, so it cannot be cultivated in the same area for 2 consecutive seasons.
- Snowball. Belongs to one of the best varieties of white onion. Outwardly, it resembles a snow ball, because the bulbs weighing from 145 to 160 g are white and round. The pulp is very juicy and peninsular, which distinguishes Snowball from its counterparts. Bulbs can be stored for up to 6 months. They are resistant to shooting and many diseases.
- Red baron. The variety can be grown in regions with different climatic conditions. It bears fruit in red bulbs with dense and uniform pulp. It is crispy, sweet and without bitterness. Thanks to the contrasting color, this onion fits perfectly into vitamin salads. The plant itself is not subject to rotting and disease, but requires abundant watering in dry periods. At the same time, excessive moisture should not be allowed, since it will cause cracking of the bulbs.
- Kostanza F1. Fruits in round bulbs weighing up to 150-170 g, covered with dense scales of saturated red color with a bronze tint. The snow-white pulp is juicy and excellent for mass processing. The variety is rarely sick and stubbornly tolerates sudden changes in temperature. Hybrid harvesting is possible mechanically, so it is suitable for growing in bulk.
- Excisible. The original Dutch onion selection, which bears large fruits weighing up to 500 g, and sometimes up to 800 g. They have a rounded-elongated shape, golden dry scales and sweet white flesh. Productivity - up to 3-4.3 kg per 1 sq. Km. Excibis can be stored for up to 4 months.
Variety to taste
By taste, turnip can also be classified into three groups. The best representatives of each of them will be considered separately.
Sharp
Onion varieties, characterized by a sharp taste, mainly include fast-growing crops with a long shelf life, but low yield. Popular among them are the above varieties:
- Timiryazevsky;
- Stuttgartter Riesen;
- Strigunovsky local.
You can supplement this list with the following varieties:
Peninsular
More productive varieties, but their harvesting and storage causes more difficulties, since the bulbs are quickly injured and spoiled. The best representatives of the peninsular varieties include the aforementioned Carmen, as well as the following crops:
- Brunswick. Fruits in cherry-red bulbs, which have a rounded slightly flattened shape and weigh up to 120 g. The flesh is white, and onion rings give a raspberry shade and a semi-sharp piquant taste. Harvest can be harvested 130 days after planting. m beds will be able to collect about 3.2 kg of root crops. It is recommended to grow the culture through the sowing in order to protect it from the defeat of bacteriosis.
- Kaba. Recognized as one of the best late-ripening varieties with a semi-sweet taste, therefore it is often used fresh for salads. Bulbs are formed large (up to 200 g) and covered with golden yellow dry scales with a brown tint. The texture of the pulp is slightly loose, therefore, when collecting the bulbs, you need to act carefully so as not to damage them. It is better to grow a variety in an annual culture - from seeds through seedlings. Bulbs must be collected as they mature and eat immediately, as they are not suitable for long-term storage.
- Spirit F1. A hybrid of Dutch breeding, which, unlike the previous varieties, is suitable for winter storage, and also shows resistance to germination and rot (bacterial, cervical). It is best grown in an annual crop from seeds. Bulbs are obtained round-flat, medium density and with 2-3 primordia. They are covered with dry bronze scales, and the flesh is white and juicy. The productivity of the early ripe hybrid wishes to leave the best - 0.8-2 kg per 1 sq. Km. m
Sweet
Most sweet varieties are suitable for fresh consumption, have a high yield and short shelf life. The best regions for their cultivation are southern. Among these varieties, sweet are Exibition and Red Baron. This list can be supplemented with such cultures:
Red varieties
In addition to the mentioned Red Baron and Brunswick, some other crops can be attributed to the popular varieties of red onions.
Red Braunschweig
Mid-early variety, which is distinguished by a colorful purple color and must be cultivated through seeds or plants. Depending on the method of planting, it will be possible to harvest the crop for 70-110 days.
The plant bears fruit with rounded flat bulbs, which weigh on average 100 g each. Their inner scales are white with purple rims. To taste it is a pleasant and peninsular onion.
The crop yield is 2.5-3 kg per 1 sq. Km. The plant shows high resistance to fungal diseases and needs a short ripening.
Campillo F1
Hybrid with an average ripening period - when sowing seeds in April already in August-September, you can get a crop of uniform round bulbs weighing from 110 to 150 g. They have raspberry red scales and a thick dense pulp, which is characterized by a whitish-pink hue.
Mature bulbs need to be dried in the garden, and then sent to a dry room for ripening within 7-14 days. After such procedures, they are well stored, and also show resistance to rot and fusarium.
Black Prince
In areas with a cold climate, you can safely grow this onion of domestic selection. It bears fruit with burgundy round-shaped heads, which in mass gain up to 100 g. The bulbs are covered with dry dark purple scales with raspberry tint. The pulp is white and juicy, tastes like a peninsula with a high sugar content.
Harvesting the Black Prince can be 100-110 days after the first sprouts. m beds will be able to get up to 4-5 kg of heads, which are subject to long-term storage and methods steadily transfers transportation over long distances.
Large varieties
Among the varieties of onions, one can separately distinguish those that bear especially large heads. Their popular representatives include the aforementioned Exibishen, as well as some other cultures.
Globo
Salad variety with a late ripening season, which is recommended to be cultivated through seedlings, sowing seeds in early March. If you provide the plant with additional lighting and fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, after 120-130 days you can get a head crop with the following characteristics:
- they resemble a wide ellipse in shape;
- on average, they weigh 700-800 g, although huge specimens weighing up to 1 kg come across;
- have a yellowish-orange husk and internal white scales;
- it tastes sweet and very juicy, but devoid of a pungent onion smell.
Harvest from 1 square. m beds - about 9-12 kg. Bulbs should immediately be eaten, and not laid for long-term storage, as they tend to germinate.
Russian size
If you grow a culture through seedlings, sowing seeds in February, then in August-September you can get huge bulbs with a record weight of 3 kg. They have a rounded shape with a slightly elongated neck and are covered with golden yellow scales with a greenish tint. The pulp itself is creamy white and has a delicate piquant sharpness. She does not have a strong characteristic odor.
Bulbs weighing 3 kg have a low preservation, so they should immediately be used in salads or preparations.
White wing
A hybrid of onions, which are characterized by powerful roots and leaves. After 90-100 days from planting, the plant bears fruit with round white bulbs of impressive size - an average of 400 g. The flesh is also white in color and has a high juiciness.
This hybrid can be grown in any climate zone. It does not require special care, tolerates heat and drought, is not exposed to fungal diseases. Bulbs can be stored for 5 months. They are suitable for fresh consumption and for preservation.
To grow onions in your infield, first of all, you need to determine its variety. The most popular representatives of this culture could be found above. Due to the wide variety of varieties and hybrids, each gardener will be able to choose the appropriate option.