The Zavea pear variety is a great success with gardeners, although it is still very young. Having examined in detail its strengths and weaknesses, the features of growing - you can understand why it is in demand on Russian markets.
Pear "Testament"
Zaveya: winter-hardy, high-yielding (up to 20 t / ha) grade
Variety breeding history
Zaveya pear was bred in 2016 at the Belarusian Institute of Fruit Growing. Work on the variety took a little over a quarter of a century, and the resulting plant fully justifies the time and money spent on its creation.
The closest to the Zavea pear is the Just Maria variety, but it has one serious difference - it cannot withstand such low temperatures. This difference refers the "Testament" to the winter varieties, when "Just Maria" is an autumn variety.
Description of the tree and fruits
In height, the pear reaches a maximum of 4 meters, which makes the variety medium-sized. The crown is thick, pyramidal in shape, during flowering is covered with a layer of white flowers. The leaves of the pear have a dark green glossy color.
Fruits of medium size - about 180 g, green and truncated conical shape. Gardeners note the high palatability of a pear, its aroma. The skin of the fetus is dry, smooth, thin. On the inside of the peel there are small greenish dots, which distinguishes this variety from many visually similar to it. The pulp is oily, juicy, white-green.
Pollination, fruiting, ripening period
This variety is self-infertile. For pollination, there should be a pollinator near the tree, the flowering period of which coincides with the "Testament". Such varieties include "Bessemyanka", "Favorite Yakovleva" and some other varieties.
Pear begins to bear fruit by 3-4 years after planting in the ground. The commodity yield of fruits is 93%, which is a rather high indicator for fruit and berry plants.
The Zavea pear can itself regulate the optimal number of fruits on the tree, discarding excess ones, due to which the remaining fruits get enough nutrients and grow large and with small flaws.
The average harvest time is mid-autumn, by which time the fruits will turn yellow-green.
Productivity
The variety is high-yielding, but here tree care and climate will be important factors. For high yields, you need to mulch, loosen and weed near-trunk soil.
This pear does not tolerate excess water, so irrigation requires a separate control. From one tree collect up to 50 kg of pears.
In the video presented, you can clearly see the Zavea pear variety:
Features of planting pear "Zaveya"
Pears, like most trees, have their own planting characteristics. Observing the planting conditions, gradually preparing the land and the tree, you can get a good harvest as soon as possible.
Terms
For planting the Zavea pear, soil is used that allows moisture and air to pass through well. Also, the soil should contain a little clay - this will allow moisture to linger at the roots, and this is important for the characteristics of the root system of the tree. The landing site should be open to the sun, the presence of constant water vapor in the air is undesirable.
The best time for planting a pear is autumn. Sometimes a tree is planted in the spring, after preparing the planting pits in the fall.
Landing stages
There are several stages of pear planting. Landing is as follows:
- The upper fertile soil layer, taken out of the pit, is prepared. This layer is mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers. After mixing, it is poured back into the pit.
- Soil is poured into the center of the pit with a hill and a stake is set there. The tree is placed in a hole, spreading its roots on the hill. The root neck should be located 3 cm above the ground. The roots are covered with earth and rammed.
- A circle near the trunk is laid with earth in the form of a roller and watered, 2 buckets of water will be enough. After absorbing water, the earth around the tree is mulched, and the tree itself is tied to a stake.
You can’t use fresh manure for laying in the landing pit - it can later damage the root system.
Care and growing
The most unprotected place in the pear tree is the roots - in winter they can suffer, therefore it is important to insulate them well. To warm the roots of young trees, they often use film, straw, paper or sunflower leaves, the roots of adult trees in winter should be sprinkled with more snow.
The area around the trunk of a pear should always be cleared of weeds.
The main steps in caring for a pear tree include:
- hilling;
- mulching;
- watering;
- pruning
- fertilizer.
The first two stages are standard, the last three stages have their own characteristics.
Watering
The optimal irrigation system for the pear is sprinkling. A sprayer in which there are a lot of small holes is perfect for this, it will stand still or spin - it does not matter. In the absence of such a sprayer, a ditch is made around the trunk circle, 10-20 cm wide, water is poured into it. It is enough to water the pear several times in the spring-summer period, in especially dry weather they water more often.
For 1 square. m barreled circle needs 3 buckets of water. To provide roots with oxygen, the soil is loosened after watering.
Pruning
Pruning branches is a necessary measure, which allows over time to achieve an optimally formed tree crown, without unnecessary shoots and lean branches.
For planting, two-year-old pear seedlings are usually used. By this time, the tree already has about 8 lateral branches - of which half of the branches equidistant from each other and extending from the trunk at an angle of 45 ° are selected as skeletal. When planting annual seedlings, they are shortened to half a meter in height.
For good branching of the tree, its branches are shortened at the same height by a quarter, while the conductor is left higher, somewhere by 25 cm.
When the crown has already formed, only branches growing inward and broken are cut off.
Pear fertilizer
Fertilizing and quantity are always based on the condition of the tree and its features. The growth of shoots of 40 cm in a young tree and half the growth in an adult is an unambiguous indicator of the need of a pear for fertilizer.
They bring fertilizer after the first year of life of the pear, the best time for this is spring and autumn, in the summer there are enough small top dressings for the tree.
For annual fertilizer, mineral additives are used, organic fertilizing is applied once in a three-year period. A trench is excavated around the tree, the length of which depends on the amount of additives. For 1 square. m trunk circle take:
- humus - 10 kg;
- potassium chloride - 25 g;
- urea - 15 g.
Fertilizers are poured into such a trench together with the ground - this option is better than fertilizing for digging, because the evaporation of mineral and organic substances important for the tree is slower than from open ground.
To maintain a high yield, the tree is also treated with lime milk every year, where 100 g of lime is taken per 1 liter of water.
Winter hardiness
The Zaveya pear variety is well resistant to low temperatures; its limit is 30 ° C below zero. When breeding this variety, they tried in many respects to achieve precisely such results of plant frost resistance, given the fact that its nearest related variety is not able to withstand such temperatures. At the same time, the taste characteristics of the fruits and the yield of the pear were preserved.
Diseases of the tree and the fight against them
Variety "Zaveya" has good resistance to various diseases. The table below shows the most common pear diseases.
Table 1 - Common diseases of the pear variety "Zaveya"
Pear diseases | Features of the disease | Methods of control and prevention |
Scab | The peak incidence occurs in early spring. It is characterized by the appearance of brown-green plaque on the leaves with their further decay. | Ensuring adequate air circulation around the tree, which includes ventilation and spraying. Also, for prophylaxis, the crown is thinned and old branches are removed. |
Powdery mildew | It affects not only the leaves, but also the buds, shoots, inflorescences. First, an off-white coating forms on them, then its color changes to brown and black dots appear. | Destruction of the affected areas of the tree, carrying out deep autumnal plowing. For prevention, phosphate-potassium fertilizers are added. |
Soot fungus | The leaves and fruits of the pear are covered with black coating. | Reducing the number of insect pests. Providing the tree with a sufficient level of humidity and air circulation. |
Fruit rot | It is transported by airborne droplets, which endangers all the trees in the vicinity of the infected. It affects the fruits of the tree, leaving brown-gray circles of rot on them. | Spraying the whole tree with Bordeaux fluid. Pre-harvest all affected fruits and branches. |
Rust | The leaves are striking - on them, from the outside, a rust-like coating appears. | Planting around a section of shrubs with a dense crown. The use of mineral fertilizers. |
This variety is particularly susceptible to fruit rot and scab, so these two diseases are a priority in prevention.
Collection, storage and transportability
An important point in harvesting this pear will be time - due to the ability to ripen well during storage, the fruits are harvested unripe.
Store harvested crops in a cool place without direct sunlight. Over time, the color of the fruit will change to green-gold, and the flesh will acquire a full-fledged taste.
The fruits of the Zavea pear are able to maintain their palatability for up to six months with proper storage.
During storage and transportation, the fruits hold their shape well, which gives them additional marketing advantages.
Pros and cons of the Zaveya variety
After a detailed examination of the Zaveya variety, it is easy to single out several of its main advantages and disadvantages.
Benefits include:
- high productivity;
- resistance to low temperatures;
- prostate acclimatization;
- high quality indicators of fruits;
- Convenience during storage and transportation.
There are very few drawbacks, among them there are:
- exactingness in control of watering;
- susceptibility to certain diseases.
We recommend that you read an article that tells about the other most popular varieties of pears.
Thus, the still very young variety of Zavea pear can already be called an excellent, high-class and reliable product. By taste and quality characteristics, it is not inferior to most of the long-bred varieties, and some of them are in many ways superior. It is understandable why among gardeners he is rapidly gaining popularity.