Walking in the woods is not only fun, but also beneficial. Mushroom picking in the Tula region begins in May and ends in late autumn.
Mushrooms in the Tula region
Edible mushrooms of the Tula region
In the spring, under last year's leaves, mushroom pickers in Tula and the Tula region find edible mushrooms:
- morels;
- lines;
- May;
- mulberry trees;
- field mushrooms;
- birch sponges.
Oak and birch sponges (tinder fungi) grow on dead trees, but they have a strong aroma and are unpretentious. Champignons delight lovers of delicious food until November.
By the summer, the mushroom places of the Tula region are replenished with new species. Grow:
- boletus;
- White mushrooms;
- aspen mushrooms;
- loading;
- chanterelles;
- white milk mushrooms;
- pigs;
- oyster mushrooms.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
In order not to confuse chanterelles with orange talkers (false chanterelles) when going into the forest, you need to thoroughly familiarize yourself with the features of their appearance, in particular with the structure of the hymenophore. The hymenophore is a part of the fruiting body of the fungus on which the spore-bearing layer is located - hymenium. From school we got used to the fact that mushrooms are divided according to the structure of the hymenophore into lamellar and tubular (spongy). But, getting into the forest, a person is convinced that this is far from the case. So in chanterelles, the layer in which spores form and which is so clearly visible is not lamellar, as we used to think, but folded. This means that instead of thin plates, the hymenophore consists of forked folds with blunt or even rounded edges. This type of hymenophore is inherent only in the Cantarella family, or Chanterelle. This clearly visible external sign and one more, which can only be seen with the help of a microscope, sharply distinguishes chanterelles from real agaric mushrooms. The second difference is called cytological and it can only be considered after complex preparation and staining. Its essence lies in the plane of nuclear fission during the formation of spores. But the mushroom picker does not need to know this.
They tried to grow chanterelles as champignons in culture, however, on the way to their successful introduction into industrial cultivation, an irresistible lack of aroma and taste in such "artificial" mushrooms arose.
The map of mushroom places in the Tula region shows which plants mushrooms are friends with and which ones they prefer to stay away from. All the traditionally collected forest organisms typical of Russia are found in these forests.
Summer species are replaced by autumn mushrooms of the Tula region:
- greenfinch;
- mushroom;
- oiler;
- black lump;
- boletus;
- goat;
- rowing;
- violin.
Their home is coniferous and mixed forests. Some grow on well-lit forest edges, while others love partial shade and hide in the depths of the forest. Honey mushroom grows on fallen dead trees and stumps, white mushroom and boletus grow in a birch grove or in the shade of oak trees, and an oil can hides under a dead leaf under a spruce tree.
From the last days of August until the onset of frost, autumn russules "come". They are easy to pick up near fir trees or pines. Umbrella mushrooms, which appeared after 20 August, are harvested in birch groves, on the lighted edges of the forest.
Poisonous mushrooms
Amanita muscaria should not be eaten
Edible mushrooms have poisonous counterparts and everyone who is inattentive often brings home such a "gift" from the forest. The consequences of the ingestion of poison into the human body leads to severe poisoning, often fatal.
Poisonous includes:
- thin pig;
- satanic mushroom;
- death cap;
- row-talker;
- lepiota;
- fiberglass.
No matter how attractive the appearance of red fly agarics is, you should not take them. It is difficult to get rid of the poison from the fruiting body with simple home methods. Fly agarics are prepared by specially trained chefs in elite restaurants.
The double of the porcini mushroom is bilious, it grows in mixed forests. On close inspection, it is easy to notice that:
- there is a fine gray (brown) mesh on the stem of the gall fungus;
- the lower (tubular) side of the cap is pink (less often white) in young specimens and dirty pink in old ones;
- the flesh on the cut darkens to a pinkish-brown hue.
Its taste is bitter, like bile. Bitterness is not removed by steeping or boiling and is a sign of the presence of poison in food. Attention! Trying to taste the mushroom to determine if it is edible or bilious is not worth it. It turns out that the toxins contained in the fruiting body easily overcome the epithelial barrier of our mucous membranes and penetrate into the bloodstream. Then they go to the liver, where they can cause cell death.
The field russula and forest russula are similar to the pale toadstool, but their poisonous sister walks in a "skirt", there is no russula on the leg of the russula.
Mushroom places
Before picking it up, it is important to prepare, talk to mushroom pickers, who have their own map of mushroom places in the Tula region, developed over the years.
For a large harvest, it is better to go after a good rain.
According to the map of mushroom places in the Tula region, in the forests near the city of Suvorov, unique places are located. It is easy to get there: from the Moskovsky railway station they go by diesel "Tula-Belev" to Khanino.
In a pine forest near the town of Aleksin, a huge number of russula and waves grow. A regular bus or minibus from the Tula bus station will take you to the city.
Minibus "Tula-Dubna" will take you to the forests of the city of Dubna. The journey takes 30-40 minutes. They gather a rich harvest of boletus, porcini mushrooms and aspen mushrooms.
There are mushroom places in the Tula region near the town of Efremov. To get to the forests of Efremov simply by bus or by minibus "Tula-Efremov". Within an hour, they get to the beautiful mixed forests of the region, where they find not only mushrooms, but also strawberries, nuts, and raspberries. Here the forests are dense, wild animals can be found - so you shouldn't move alone.
A large number of edible mushrooms grows near Tula, in the Chernsky, Yasnogorsky and Leninsky districts.
In Belevsky and Arsenyevsky districts, mushroom pickers collect ecologically clean crops.
MUSHROOMS OF THE TULA REGION | EXPLORATION OF NEW MUSHROOMS | MEETING WITH ONE STRAWBERRY
For mushrooms in the evening. Tula region. July. Mushrooms 2019.
Conclusion
Tula and the Tula region have rightfully earned the title of the best places in Russia for picking mushrooms. All known edible species grow here. Their collection begins with the first warmth and continues until frost.