Mushrooms of the Belgorod region delight with their diversity and widespread occurrence. A large number of edible species are observed here, the use of which will be beneficial to health. According to the consulting company "In-Con", the Belgorod region is considered a leader in the collection and processing of mushrooms.
Mushroom picking in the Belgorod region
Shebekinsky district
In the Shebekinsky district of the Belgorod region, located in its eastern part, in the territory of mixed and deciduous forests, boletus, boletus, porcini mushrooms and russula are found.
Boletus
The cap of an ordinary boletus grows in diameter from 4 to 13 cm, its color varies from white to dark brown and depends not only on the age of the mushroom, but also on where it grows. This species occasionally forms small groups. The cap in young specimens has a hemispherical shape; it changes with aging up to the cushion. With high humidity in the environment, it becomes covered with a mucous substance.
Other distinguishing features of boletus boletus:
- Pulp: It is painted white, has a dense structure, darkens a little on the cut, looses with age, becomes watery, tough and fibrous.
- Hymenophore: lamellar, may be adherent and free; the color in the young is whitish, but in the older ones it is grayish or brownish-gray.
- Spore powder: brownish olive color.
- Leg: has a cylindrical shape or in the lower part you can observe a clavate thickening, painted in white or gray tones, reaches 16 cm in length, up to 4 cm in diameter. The surface of the leg is covered with dark scales.
In one day, boletus mushrooms are able to add up to 3-5 cm in height. With such a rapid growth rate, they are highly susceptible to attack by worms. These mushrooms should be harvested from July to September.
Boletus
In Belgorod, all varieties of boletus boletus have a brightly colored cap, a thickened leg at the base. These mushrooms have dense flesh. The diameter of the cap is 25-32 cm, at a young age it has a hemispherical shape. The skin is characterized by a dry and velvety texture.
The length of the leg of an adult is usually 21-23 cm. It is characterized by a scaly coating of dark brown or black color.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
"Aspen mushrooms" is a common name for a whole group of species of edible mushrooms that are part of the genus Leccinum or Obabok. All of them are characterized by a bright - orange-red, and sometimes even a white cap, as well as the ability of the pulp at the cut to change color - to turn blue. This feature distinguishes them from boletus. Mushroom pickers, together with boletus boletus, collect them under the general name "obabki". Since it is quite difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish outwardly types of aspen mushrooms, mushroom pickers practically do not pay attention to the species and ecological characteristics of the fungus. Although, for the "quiet hunt" such knowledge is of the greatest importance.
All aspen mushrooms are mycorrhizal fungi, i.e. they enter into symbiotic relationships with different types of woody plants forming a fungus root (mycorrhiza), which allows them to receive organic substances from trees, which it forms in the process of photosynthesis and supply their symbiont with water and mineral compounds dissolved in it, taking on the function of root hairs.
White mushroom
Porcini mushrooms are characterized by a delicate aroma and rich, pleasant taste. The cap is typically brown-brown in color, in diameter it reaches from 5 to 31 cm, and under ideal climatic conditions it grows up to 50 cm.The flesh is dense, fleshy and juicy, with a white color. By old age, it turns a little yellow and becomes loose.
The average size and length of up to 13 cm is typical for the leg. Its diameter reaches 10 cm. In a young mushroom, the leg takes a barrel-shaped or clavate shape, but in the process of life it changes to a cylindrical one. The color of the cap varies from light to brown. They begin to collect porcini mushrooms in May, then from July to August.
Russula
The map of mushroom places in the Belgorod Shebekinsky region also shows the presence of edible and poisonous russula on the territory of forests.
In a young russula, the cap has a spherical shape, flattens with age. It is 15 cm in diameter. The color varies from greenish-brown to deep red. The edge of the cap can be striped or ribbed (the hymenophore plates are visible through). The skin of different species is separated from the surface of the cap in different ways: either completely or for a part of the radius of the cap. In edible mushrooms, the color of the leg is white or slightly yellowish, in poisonous mushrooms it is pink. With age, the fleshy part of the russula acquires a fragile structure.
Graivoronsky district
Chanterelles don't eat worms
Mushroom places in the Graivoronsky region (located in the southwestern part of the Belgorod region) are located in pine and mixed types of forest. Chanterelles and mushrooms grow there.
Chanterelles
- Common chanterelle: edible, fruiting bodies are yellow or orange. The size of the upper part (cap) is from 4 to 13 cm. The pulp is characterized by a fleshy structure. It is colored with yellow pigment at the edges, in the middle it is always white. The peel is difficult to separate. The leg is short, no more than 8 cm in height. The spore powder is also colored with a yellowish pigment. The main advantage of the chanterelle is that it does not contain worms and larvae, since it contains the polysaccharide quinomannose, which destroys not only the larvae, but also the clutches of parasite eggs in its pulp.
- Chanterelle gray: a typical cap reaches 6-8 cm in diameter, the length of the leg is up to 10 cm, and its thickness is up to 3 cm. The chanterelle has a wavy dark-colored edge of the cap with a depression in the central part. The pulp is dense, has a gray-brown color. The taste is weak, there is no smell.
- Cinnabar red chanterelle: no less remarkable type of edible mushroom, which is distinguished by a cap up to 6 cm in diameter with curved edges and a short stem up to 3-4 cm. The spore powder of the mushroom has a creamy pink color. Mushroom pickers gather in summer and autumn.
- Faceted chanterelle: in this species, the fruit body is 8-10 cm, the cap with a wavy edge and the stem merge. The pulp is juicy and dense, light in color, has a pleasant smell and taste. The cap is much lighter than the lower part.
- Chanterelle tubular: the fruiting body of representatives of this species is shaped like a cap-toothed body and has a tubular structure. The diameter of the cap reaches 2-6 cm, it is distinguished by dark scaly and gray-yellow color.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
When collecting chanterelles, you probably paid attention to the bottom, or rather, the outer part of their hats. And I think, the thought arose: "What strange records!" Well, well, I have to disappoint you - although in front of you the hymenophore, i.e. the place of formation of spores, however, it is not lamellar, but folded. This means that instead of thin plates, the hymenophore consists of forked folds with blunt or even rounded edges. This type of hymenophore is inherent only in the Cantarella family, or Chanterelle. This clearly visible external sign and one more, which can only be seen with the help of a microscope, sharply distinguishes chanterelles from real agaric mushrooms. The second difference is called cytological and it can only be considered after complex preparation and staining. Its essence lies in the plane of nuclear fission during the formation of spores.
Of course, such features are needed only by a specialist, and the mushroom itself is important for a mushroom picker. But knowledge of such a feature will not hurt.
Chanterelle has a pleasant aroma and sour taste. The collection of these mushrooms is carried out from July to October.
Ryzhiki
According to the description, the cap of a mature saffron milk cap can reach 16 cm in diameter, it is distinguished by the presence of a depression in the central part and its edges wrapped in young and straightened in mature mushrooms. The color of the cap varies from light yellow to deep orange, other colors are rare. Gingerbread is the only mushroom in the world that secretes thick yellow milk juice. The mushroom acquired this "sunny" color due to the presence in its pulp of a large amount of beta-carotene, which in the human body is converted into vitamin A (retinol). In the fruiting bodies of saffron milk caps, a natural antibiotic lactrioviolin was found, which is able to fight even the causative agent of tuberculosis.
The cap of the mushroom is slimy and smooth, the flesh is usually orange in color, turns green in the air. The plates are often located, have a narrow lumen. The leg is short, its length is usually 8-10 cm. The mushrooms ripen until frost.
Novotavolzhansky district
There are coniferous forests in the Novotavolzhansk region. Boletus and mushrooms are widespread there.
Oil
The color of the oil can be different
Butterlets are small-sized representatives of higher mushrooms, their cap grows to 8-10 cm in diameter and has a hemispherical shape. The peculiarity of the skin that wears the hat is a characteristic feature of the butter, because in all weather conditions it is shiny and oily. It separates easily from the pulp and varies in color from light to dark depending on the place of birth.
In the oiler, the following types can be distinguished, for example, m. Gray, sieve (goat), m. Marsh or m. Yellowish, m. Summer granular, m. Larch, m. Late or m. Present, etc.
- Gray mast: the cap resembles a pillow in shape, with age it unfolds, reaching 8-11 cm in diameter. Its color is pale, yellow-olive, it is covered with a sticky substance and scales. The skin is easy to remove. The pulp is not fleshy, has a white color, turns blue on the cut. The mushroom has a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. Spore powder of brownish-olive color.
- Lattice or goat: the cap is about the same size and shape as that of the gray, but the color is yellow-brown, red-brown or dark orange-yellow. The leg is small, cylindrical, tapering towards the base and somewhat curving, dense in structure, the color with the cap practically coincides in tone. The pulp is dense, slightly rubbery and dry, light yellow, becomes red in the cut, has a sweetish taste. Spore powder brown-olive, brownish-yellowish during dehydration.
- Swamp oil can: slightly smaller than other species, flat-convex cap with a tubercle in the center. Tubular hymenophore of grayish yellow color. The surface of the cap is sticky, dirty yellow or straw colored. The peel is freely separated. The leg is thin, a ring separating the color is noticeable on it: above the ring it is light yellow, below it is yellow-brown. The ring itself is not filmy, but resembles gelatin in structure.
The collection of butter oil takes place from August to September.
Honey mushrooms
Honey mushrooms have a thin flexible leg up to 13-16 cm long, its color is light or dark brown, there is a ring on it. The cap is rounded downwards; at a young age, it is characterized by scaly. With age, its surface becomes smooth. The shade is different: cream, yellowish and red.
The fungus, while developing, forms aggregates of fruit bodies and has varieties. Honey mushrooms represent a "team" company, in which the species were placed not according to their systematic categories or kinship, but according to the peculiarities of the external structure and place of residence. This includes members of several different families. Honey mushrooms, although they belong to conditionally edible mushrooms, are a recognized delicacy. The group of mushrooms includes such species as, for example, summer mushroom or about. phony, oh. autumn or about. real, oh. winter, oh. meadow or clove mushroom, about. fat-legged, oh. slimy, etc.
Collecting oyster mushrooms, honey agarics. Autumn 2017. Belgorod region.
Mushrooms. Harvesting in the Belgorod region. Summer-autumn 2017
Boletus mushrooms, redheads. LOT!!!
Conclusion
In every district of the Belgorod region, rich in deciduous and coniferous forests, mushroom pickers can meet a wide variety of mushrooms, interesting both for study and for further use.